{"id":392,"date":"2015-02-03T19:17:07","date_gmt":"2015-02-03T17:17:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/snorreks.wordpress.com\/?p=392"},"modified":"2016-01-05T07:48:57","modified_gmt":"2016-01-05T07:48:57","slug":"latgaliesu-rakstu-valoda-un-jaunnorvegu-valoda-sociolingvistiska-skatijuma","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/snorreks.com\/blogg\/2015\/02\/03\/latgaliesu-rakstu-valoda-un-jaunnorvegu-valoda-sociolingvistiska-skatijuma\/","title":{"rendered":"Latgalie\u0161u rakstu valoda un jaunnorv\u0113\u0123u valoda sociolingvistisk\u0101 skat\u012bjum\u0101"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\"NYNORSK<\/a>
\u012avars Osens – jaunnorv\u0113\u0123u valodas t\u0113vs<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u0160is raksts tapa 2003. gad\u0101, balstoties uz refer\u0101tu konferenc\u0113, kuru r\u012bkoja Daugavpils universit\u0101te. Agr\u0101k teksts\u00a0ir public\u0113ts rakstru kr\u0101jum\u0101 “Valoda 2003 \u2013 Valoda da\u017e\u0101du kult\u016bru kontekst\u0101”. Daugavpils, DU Saule 2003, 56.\u201362.lpp<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Latvie\u0161u un norv\u0113\u0123u valodai ir kop\u012bgs tas, ka ab\u0101m valod\u0101m ir pa div\u0101m rakstu valod\u0101m \u2013 latvie\u0161u liter\u0101r\u0101 valoda un latgalie\u0161u rakstu jeb liter\u0101r\u0101 valoda un b\u016bkm\u014dls<\/a> un jaunnorv\u0113\u0123u valoda<\/a> . \u0160\u012b raksta m\u0113r\u0137is ir sal\u012bdzin\u0101t abu valodu maz\u0101k lietoto rakstu valodu att\u012bst\u012bbu un st\u0101vokli.<\/div>\n
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1. Tap\u0161anas v\u0113sture<\/b><\/h4>\n
Latgalie\u0161u rakstu valoda izveidoj\u0101s 18. gs. pirmaj\u0101 pus\u0113 ar nelatvie\u0161u izcelsmes gar\u012bdznieku ieguld\u012bjumu. Jaunnorv\u0113\u0123u valodas \u201et\u0113vs\u201d ir \u012avars \u014csens (Ivar Aasen, 1813-1896 angliski<\/a>\/krieviski<\/a>), kas iev\u0101ca izlok\u0161\u0146u materi\u0101lus, uz kuru pamata izdeva gramatiku 1848. gad\u0101 un v\u0101rdn\u012bcu 1850. gad\u0101.<\/div>\n
Pirmie raksti latgalie\u0161u rakstu valod\u0101 bija reli\u0123iska satura, turpret\u012b jaunnorv\u0113\u0123u valod\u0101 pirmie bija laic\u012bga satura teksti. Norv\u0113\u0123ij\u0101 reli\u0123iski teksti l\u012bdz 19. gadsimta otrajai pusei bija tikai d\u0101\u0146u valod\u0101. Lai gan 18. gs. valodisk\u0101 zi\u0146\u0101 bija daudz izdev\u012bg\u0101ks Latvijai un Latgalei, jo bazn\u012bcas valoda bija dzimt\u0101 valoda, v\u0113l\u0101k jaunnorv\u0113\u0123u valodai daudz\u0113j\u0101d\u0101 zi\u0146\u0101 ir bijusi viegl\u0101ka att\u012bst\u012bbas gaita. Te svar\u012bgi ir politiski apst\u0101k\u013ci. Jaunnorv\u0113\u0123u valoda jau 1885.g. ieguva savu pa\u0161reiz\u0113jo statusu likumdo\u0161an\u0101 un tagad 12% Norv\u0113\u0123ijas iedz\u012bvot\u0101ju dz\u012bvo pa\u0161vald\u012bb\u0101s, kur administrat\u012bv\u0101 valoda ir jaunnorv\u0113\u0123u valoda [8:393]. Latgalie\u0161u rakstu valodai turpret\u012b ir biju\u0161i ierobe\u017eojumi cara laik\u0101, K\u0101r\u013ca Ulma\u0146a diktat\u016bras laik\u0101 un padomju laik\u0101, s\u0101kot ar 1956. gadu. Tom\u0113r padomju laik\u0101 t\u0101s kop\u0161ana notika \u0101rpus Latvijas, un 80. gadu beig\u0101s Latvij\u0101 s\u0101k\u0101s latgalie\u0161u rakstu valodas atmoda. Patlaban t\u0101s aizsarg\u0101\u0161ana likumdo\u0161an\u0101 ir sam\u0113r\u0101 form\u0101la lieta.<\/div>\n
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2. \u0122eogr\u0101fisk\u0101 izplat\u012bba<\/b><\/h4>\n
V\u0113sturisku apsv\u0113rumu d\u0113\u013c latgalie\u0161u rakstu valoda daudz vair\u0101k nek\u0101 jaunnorv\u0113\u0123u valoda pieder vienam re\u0123ionam. V\u0113sturiski jaunnorv\u0113\u0123u valodas lieto\u0161anas apgabals, reiz\u0113 ar\u012b attur\u012bbas kust\u012bbas bastions un apgabals ar augst\u0101ku reli\u0123isku aktivit\u0101ti ir bijis Rietumnorv\u0113\u0123ija un Dienvidnorv\u0113\u0123ija. Tom\u0113r m\u016bsdienu sekulariz\u0113taj\u0101 sabiedr\u012bb\u0101 tas ir maz\u0101k izteikts nek\u0101 agr\u0101k. T\u0101tad tas ir t\u0101lu no situ\u0101cijas Latvij\u0101, kur konfesiju robe\u017eas un izoglosas sam\u0113r\u0101 labi p\u0101rkl\u0101jas. P\u0101ri Latvijai ir g\u0101jusi divu valstu \u2013 Zviedrijas vai Krievijas un Polijas\/Lietuvas \u2013 robe\u017ea. \u0160\u0101da situ\u0101cija Norv\u0113\u0123ij\u0101 nav bijusi.<\/div>\n
Latgalei un jaunnorv\u0113\u0123u valodas apgabalam l\u012bdz\u012bgi ir tas, ka iedz\u012bvot\u0101ji izj\u016bt att\u0101lumu no galvaspils\u0113tas. Te nav runa tikai par kilometros m\u0113r\u012bjamu att\u0101lumu, bet ar\u012b att\u0101lumu kult\u016bras un politisk\u0101 zi\u0146\u0101. Lai gan jaunnorv\u0113\u0123u valodai ir daudz lieto\u0161anas sf\u0113ru, t\u0101 tom\u0113r ir maz\u0101k urb\u0101na nek\u0101 b\u016bkm\u014dls. Te t\u0101tad ir runa par attiec\u012bb\u0101m starp centru ar tam piem\u012bto\u0161o varu un perif\u0113riju, kad nosac\u012bti varam b\u016bkm\u014dlu un latvie\u0161u liter\u0101ro valodu saukt par valsts centra valod\u0101m, bet jaunnorv\u0113\u0123u valodu un latgalie\u0161u rakstu valodu par perif\u0113rijas valod\u0101m.<\/div>\n
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3. Likumdo\u0161ana<\/b><\/p>\n

Valodas vai t\u0101s paveida presti\u017es ir cie\u0161i saist\u012bts ar valodas likumisko statusu, kas savuk\u0101rt sekm\u0113 to, ka valodu lieto vair\u0101k\u0101s sf\u0113r\u0101s [12:125]. Abas valodas ir aizsarg\u0101tas valstu likumdo\u0161an\u0101, jaunnorv\u0113\u0123u valoda, tiesa, ar daudz lab\u0101kiem nosac\u012bjumiem, jo tai nav nek\u0101du form\u0101lu subordin\u0101ciju b\u016bkm\u014dlam.<\/p>\n

LR Valsts valodas likum\u0101 ir rakst\u012bts: \u201dValsts nodro\u0161ina latgalie\u0161u rakstu valodas k\u0101 v\u0113sturiska latvie\u0161u valodas paveida saglab\u0101\u0161anu, aizsardz\u012bbu un att\u012bst\u012bbu.\u201d [14:4] Tom\u0113r instit\u016bcijas, kas \u012bstenotu \u0161\u012b panta apak\u0161punkta saturu, nepast\u0101v.<\/div>\n
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4. Lieto\u0161anas sf\u0113ras<\/b><\/h4>\n
4.1 Skolas<\/span>
\nLatvij\u0101 latgalie\u0161u rakstu valodu var apg\u016bt tikai da\u017e\u0101s skol\u0101s Latgal\u0113, k\u0101 Nautr\u0101nu un V\u0101rkavas vidusskol\u0101, \u0160\u0137ilb\u0101nu pagasta Up\u012btes skol\u0101 [16:275], k\u0101 ar\u012b Baltinavas vidusskol\u0101. Citu Latgales skolu skol\u0113niem tiek r\u012bkotas latgalie\u0161u dai\u013clas\u012b\u0161anas un kult\u016brv\u0113stures olimpi\u0101des. Norv\u0113\u0123ij\u0101 visiem skol\u0113niem j\u0101m\u0101c\u0101s rakst\u012bt ab\u0101s rakstu valod\u0101s un visiem j\u0101liek eks\u0101mens ab\u0101s rakstu valod\u0101s. Dai\u013cliterat\u016bru skol\u0101s t\u0101pat lasa ab\u0101s valod\u0101s. Tiesa, pils\u0113tas skol\u0113nu vid\u016b bie\u017ei ir mantota skepse pret jaunnorv\u0113\u0123u valodu.<\/div>\n
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4.2. Pla\u0161sazi\u0146as l\u012bdzek\u013ci<\/span><\/div>\n
Norv\u0113\u0123ij\u0101 p\u0113c likuma vismaz 25% nacion\u0101lo telev\u012bzijas un radio raidstaciju raid\u012bjumu j\u0101b\u016bt jaunnorv\u0113\u0123u valod\u0101, turpret\u012b Latvijas valsts radio raida tikai divas \u012bsas programmas ned\u0113\u013c\u0101 latgalie\u0161u valod\u0101. Reizi m\u0113nes\u012b ir ar\u012b telev\u012bzijas raid\u012bjums Ol\u016bts. Latgaliskai presei ar\u012b nav \u012bpa\u0161i labu apst\u0101k\u013cu, jo pat viet\u0113j\u0101 prese Latgal\u0113 p\u0101rsvar\u0101 lieto latvie\u0161u liter\u0101ro valodu. Norv\u0113\u0123ij\u0101 ir 55 jaunnorv\u0113\u0123u valodas av\u012bzes, no kur\u0101m viena izn\u0101k katru dienu. Ir ar\u012b viena liela nacion\u0101la ned\u0113\u013cas av\u012bze Dag og Tid<\/a> un politikas, kult\u016bras un filozofijas laikraksts Syn og segn<\/a>.<\/div>\n
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4.3. Literat\u016bra<\/span><\/div>\n
Norv\u0113\u0123ij\u0101 run\u0101 par b\u016bkm\u014dla rakstniekiem un jaunnorv\u0113\u0123u rakstniekiem, tom\u0113r literat\u016bras v\u0113sturi skata vienkopus. Vai Latvij\u0101 run\u0101jam par div\u0101m atsevi\u0161\u0137\u0101m literat\u016br\u0101m? Latvie\u0161u literat\u016bras v\u0113stur\u0113s, lai gan maz, tiek min\u0113ti ar\u012b fakti par latgalie\u0161u literat\u016bru, un tas b\u016btu pamats uzskat\u012bt, ka latgalie\u0161u literat\u016bra un kult\u016bra ir da\u013ca no koplatvie\u0161u kult\u016bras. Tom\u0113r skolu programm\u0101s un oblig\u0101t\u0101 literat\u016br\u0101 augstskol\u0101s, piem\u0113ram LU un LKA, latgalie\u0161u literat\u016bra nav j\u0101lasa [2, 3, 9, 13]. \u0145emot v\u0113r\u0101 tos darbus, kas ir iek\u013cauti programm\u0101s, diez vai liter\u0101r\u0101 v\u0113rt\u012bba ir pamats tam, ka latgalie\u0161u literat\u016bra netiek iek\u013cauta.<\/div>\n
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4.4. Gr\u0101matniec\u012bba<\/span><\/div>\n
Ab\u0101m valod\u0101m ir izdevniec\u012bbas, kas \u012bpa\u0161i veicina gr\u0101matu izdo\u0161an\u0101 latgaliski un jaunnorv\u0113\u0123u valod\u0101, \u2013 R\u0113zeknes apg\u0101di Latgolys kulturys centra izdevn\u012bceiba un Annele Latvij\u0101 un Det norske Samlaget Norv\u0113\u0123ij\u0101. Latvij\u0101 p\u0113d\u0113j\u0101 desmitgad\u0113 izn\u0101k ap desmit gr\u0101matu gad\u0101 latgalie\u0161u rakstu valod\u0101, turpret\u012b jaunnorv\u0113\u0123u valodas apg\u0101ds Det norske Samlaget <\/a>2001. gad\u0101 izdeva 147 gr\u0101matas [6]. Norv\u0113\u0123ij\u0101 ar\u012b citi apg\u0101di izdod gr\u0101matas jaunnorv\u0113\u0123u valod\u0101, turkl\u0101t visas norv\u0113\u0123u skolas m\u0101c\u012bbu gr\u0101matas izn\u0101k ab\u0101s valod\u0101s, neatkar\u012bgi no apg\u0101da. Kam\u0113r gr\u0101matas jaunnorv\u0113\u0123u valod\u0101 ir dab\u016bjamas vis\u0101 valst\u012b, gr\u0101matas latgalie\u0161u rakstu valod\u0101 ir gr\u016bti dab\u016bt \u0101rpus Latgales par sp\u012bti tam, ka daudz latgalie\u0161u dz\u012bvo citur Latvij\u0101 [16:273].<\/div>\n
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4.5. Organiz\u0101cijas<\/span><\/div>\n
Ab\u0101m valod\u0101m ir organiz\u0101cijas, kas darbojas ne tikai to lieto\u0161anas are\u0101l\u0101, bet ar\u012b galvaspils\u0113t\u0101 un citur. \u0160\u012bs kust\u012bbas darbojas ar valodas kult\u016bras jaut\u0101jumiem un ar \u0161\u012bs valodas lieto\u0161anu skol\u0101s un citur sabiedr\u012bb\u0101. Viena no at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bb\u0101m ir t\u0101da, ka jaunnorv\u0113\u0123u valodas organiz\u0101cijas cen\u0161as sekm\u0113t to, lai vair\u0101k skol\u0113nu izv\u0113l\u0113tos jaunnorv\u0113\u0123u valodu par galveno valodu, turpret\u012b Latvij\u0101 cen\u0161as, lai latgalie\u0161u rakstu valoda b\u016btu vismaz izv\u0113les priek\u0161mets. 2000.g. 1. apr\u012bl\u012b dibin\u0101ja Latgalie\u0161u valodas, literat\u016bras un kult\u016brv\u0113stures skolot\u0101ju asoci\u0101ciju, kas darbojas, lai populariz\u0113tu latgalie\u0161u rakstu valodas, literat\u016bras un kult\u016brv\u0113stures m\u0101c\u012b\u0161anu skol\u0101s. Asoci\u0101cija organiz\u0113 vasaras kursus \u201eVosoruo\u0161ona\u201d. Studentiem ir Latgolas studentu centrs. Z\u012bm\u012bgi ir tas, ka abu valodu organiz\u0101cijas nedarbojas ar lingvistiskiem jaut\u0101jumiem vien, bet tos iesaista pla\u0161\u0101k\u0101 kult\u016brv\u0113sturisk\u0101 kontekst\u0101.<\/div>\n
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Ab\u0101m valod\u0101m ir jaunie\u0161u organiz\u0101cijas \u2013 Latvij\u0101 tas ir Latgolas studentu centrs, kas izdod virtu\u0101lo \u017eurn\u0101lu Graidi [7], Norv\u0113\u0123ij\u0101 t\u0101 ir M\u00e5lungdommen<\/a>. Tipisks jaunie\u0161u akt\u012bvistiem ab\u0101s valst\u012bs ir izteikts p\u016brisms valodas jaut\u0101jumos. Jaunie\u0161i m\u0113\u0123ina valodu patur\u0113t t\u012br\u0101ku, atbr\u012bvojot no sve\u0161iem elementiem un att\u0101linoties no lejaslatvie\u0161u, respekt\u012bvi, b\u016bkm\u014dla un d\u0101\u0146u valodas.<\/div>\n
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5. Sociolingvistiski aspekti<\/span><\/div>\n
Sociolingvistika p\u0113ta, k\u0101 valodu lieto sabiedr\u012bb\u0101 [5:563]. Valodas lieto\u0161anu nosaka pieder\u012bba pie soci\u0101l\u0101m grup\u0101m un soci\u0101l\u0101 hierarhija. To, k\u0101p\u0113c latgalietis ar lejaslatvieti \u2013 j\u0101, reiz\u0113m pat divi latgalie\u0161i publisk\u0101 viet\u0101 \u2013 nerun\u0101 latgaliski, bet latvie\u0161u liter\u0101raj\u0101 valod\u0101, nevar skaidrot lingvistiski, jo valodas paveidi ir pietiekami l\u012bdz\u012bgi, lai ar gribu un pieradumu viens otru saprastu. LR likumdo\u0161ana ar\u012b neregul\u0113 valodu, kuru priv\u0101t\u0101 saskar\u0113 lieto valsts iedz\u012bvot\u0101ji. To t\u0101tad var skaidrot tikai ar nerakst\u012bt\u0101m soci\u0101l\u0101m norm\u0101m. \u0160o normu pamat\u0101 ir v\u0113sturiski, soci\u0101li un ekonomiski apst\u0101k\u013ci, piem\u0113ram, Latgale ir ekonomiski maz\u0101k att\u012bst\u012bta nek\u0101 p\u0101rej\u0101 Latvija un galvaspils\u0113t\u0101 run\u0101 latvie\u0161u liter\u0101raj\u0101 valod\u0101.<\/div>\n
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\u0160eit saskaramies ar liel\u0101m at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bb\u0101m valodas lieto\u0161an\u0101 Norv\u0113\u0123ij\u0101 un Latvij\u0101. S\u0101kot ar 20.gs. 70. gadiem, norv\u0113\u0123i lieto savu izloksni, ar\u012b run\u0101jot ar citu novadu p\u0101rst\u0101vjiem. Ar\u012b kult\u016bras darbinieki, ministri un tagad\u0113j\u0101 kro\u0146princese run\u0101 dzimtaj\u0101 izloksn\u0113. Latgal\u0113 past\u0101v div\u0113j\u0101da diglosija: viena ir saist\u012bta ar to, ka Latgale ir daudzvalod\u012bgs re\u0123ions, otra ar to, ka latgalie\u0161u liter\u0101rajai valodai nav re\u0123ion\u0101las valodas statusa, proti, priv\u0101taj\u0101 dz\u012bv\u0113 citvalod\u012bgie lieto savu valodu un latvie\u0161i lieto savu izloksni (ne visi), bet sabiedriskaj\u0101 dz\u012bv\u0113 latvie\u0161u liter\u0101ro valodu.<\/div>\n
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Izloksne ir da\u013ca no identit\u0101tes un valodai ir indentific\u0113\u0161anas funkcija. Ja k\u0101ds cilv\u0113ks tom\u0113r lieto k\u0101das citas grupas valodu, tas var noz\u012bm\u0113t, ka vi\u0146\u0161 v\u0113las solidariz\u0113ties ar grupu [10:176], vai ar\u012b, ka vi\u0146\u0161 baid\u0101s no sankcij\u0101m [12: 116]. \u0160\u0101d\u0101 aspekt\u0101 b\u016btu j\u0101p\u0113ta latgalie\u0161i \u2013 vai tie cen\u0161as run\u0101t latvie\u0161u liter\u0101raj\u0101 valod\u0101 t\u0101p\u0113c, ka v\u0113las identific\u0113ties ar lejaslatvie\u0161iem vai t\u0101p\u0113c, ka baid\u0101s no sankcij\u0101m? T\u0101pat b\u016btu j\u0101p\u0113ta lejaslatvie\u0161u attieksme pret latgalie\u0161u rakstu valodas un latgalie\u0161u izlok\u0161\u0146u lieto\u0161anu, lai apzin\u0101tu attieksmes un eventu\u0101lus m\u012btus.<\/div>\n
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Jaunnorv\u0113\u0123u valodas piekrit\u0113ji uzsver gan viet\u0113j\u0101s, gan nacion\u0101l\u0101s identit\u0101tes saglab\u0101\u0161anu. T\u0101pat daudziem Latgal\u0113 ir pieder\u012bbas saj\u016bta pie etnosa (latvisk\u0101) un subetnosa (latgalisk\u0101) [15].
\nRun\u0101jot ar latgalie\u0161iem par dzimto valodu, atkl\u0101jas, ka vi\u0146i nosoda savu valodu sl\u0101vu aizguvumu d\u0113\u013c. Latvie\u0161u liter\u0101r\u0101s valodas \u0123erm\u0101nismu bag\u0101t\u012bba, \u0161\u0137iet, tiek piemirsta. Tiek ar\u012b aizmirsts latgalie\u0161u rakstu valodas v\u0101rdu un formu seniskums. Pat ja t\u0101 b\u016btu jaun\u0101ka nek\u0101 latvie\u0161u un lei\u0161u valoda, t\u0101 tik un t\u0101 ir viena no vissen\u0101kaj\u0101m dz\u012bvaj\u0101m indoeiropie\u0161u valod\u0101m. Ja visp\u0101r v\u0113rt\u0113jam valodas p\u0113c \u0161\u0101diem krit\u0113rijiem un latgalisko uzskat\u0101m par maz\u0101k v\u0113rt\u012bgu nek\u0101 latvie\u0161u liter\u0101ro valodu, t\u0101d\u0101 veid\u0101 vienlaikus tiktu nicin\u0101tas t\u0101das valodas k\u0101 ang\u013cu, fran\u010du, zviedru, d\u0101\u0146u un norv\u0113\u0123u valoda. Nosodo\u0161\u0101 attieksme pret latgalie\u0161u rakstu valodu padomju laik\u0101 var\u0113tu izskaidrot to, k\u0101p\u0113c pa\u0161i latgalie\u0161u valod\u0101 run\u0101jo\u0161ie neuzskata savu valodu par pietiekami labu esam.<\/div>\n
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Secin\u0101jums<\/b><\/h4>\n
Jaunnorv\u0113\u0123u valoda bauda daudz liel\u0101kas priek\u0161roc\u012bbas nek\u0101 latgalie\u0161u rakstu valoda gan likumdo\u0161an\u0101, skolu sist\u0113m\u0101 utt. Latvie\u0161u sociolingvistik\u0101 n\u0101kotn\u0113 b\u016btu veicami p\u0113t\u012bjumi par lejaslatvie\u0161u attieksmi pret latgalie\u0161u rakstu valodu saprotam\u012bbu, iesp\u0113jamiem aizspriedumiem, attieksmi pret pla\u0161\u0101ku latgalie\u0161u liter\u0101r\u0101s valodas lieto\u0161anu pla\u0161sazi\u0146as l\u012bdzek\u013cos un skol\u0101s. P\u0113t\u012bjumi b\u016btu izmantojami, lai lauztu stereotipus, palielin\u0101tu pa\u0161apzi\u0146u un veidotu pozit\u012bvu sabiedrisko domu par latgalie\u0161u rakstu valodu, t\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di veicinot latgalisk\u0101 integr\u0101ciju (nevis asimil\u0101ciju) latviskaj\u0101.<\/div>\n
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2004.<\/div>\n

Literat\u016bra:<\/b><\/h4>\n
1. Bengtsson, Rune. Identitet och sj\u00e4lvbild i Lettgallen, exemplerna Andrupene och Pu\u0161a. Stockholm universitet, Institutionen f\u00f6r Baltiska studier, 2001
\n2. Briedis, Raimonds. Latvie\u0161u literat\u016bra no 19.gs. 90.gadiem l\u012bdz 20. gs. 30. gadiem. (studiju kursa apraksts)\/\/Latvijas Kult\u016bras akad\u0113mijas bakalaura studiju programma. R\u012bga: 2000.
\n3. Briedis, Raimonds. Latvie\u0161u literat\u016bra totalit\u0101risma laikmet\u0101: Latvija un trimda. (studiju kursa apraksts)\/\/Latvijas Kult\u016bras akad\u0113mijas bakalaura studiju programma. R\u012bga: 2000.
\n4. Cameron, Deborah et al. Ethics, Advocacy and Empowerment in Researching Language\/\/Sociolingvistics. A Reader and Coursebook (ed. by N. Coupland and Adam Jaworski). Hampshire: Macmillan Press, 1997.
\n5. Coulmas, Florian. Sociolingvistics\/\/The Handbook of Linguistics. Malden, Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 2001.
\n6. Det norske Samlaget \u2013 www.samlaget.no (apskat\u012bts 2003. g. 28. janv\u0101r\u012b)
\n7. Graidi. www.graidi .lv (apskat\u012bts 2003. g. 28. janv\u0101r\u012b)
\n8. Hagen, Jon Erik. Norsk grammatikk for andrespr\u00e5ksl\u00e6rere. Oslo: Ad Notam Gyldendal, 2000.
\n9. Latvie\u0161u folkloras un latvie\u0161u literat\u016bras v\u0113stures programmas baltu filolo\u0123ijas bakalaura studij\u0101m. R\u012bga: LU, 1996.
\n10. Montgomery, Martin. An Introduction to Language and society. Second edition. London and New York: Routledge, 1995.
\n11. Par groz\u012bjumiem un papildin\u0101jumiem Latvijas Padomju Soci\u0101listiskas Republikas Valodu likum\u0101 (1992) www.likumi.lv. (apskat\u012bts 2003. g. 20. janv\u0101r\u012b)
\n12. Sand\u00f8y, Helge. Talem\u00e5l. Oslo: Novus, 1996.
\n13. T\u0101le, Iveta. Latvie\u0161u pirmsnacion\u0101l\u0101 un nacion\u0101l\u0101s atmodas laikmeta literat\u016bra (studiju kursa apraksts)\/\/Latvijas Kult\u016bras akad\u0113mijas bakalaura studiju programma. R\u012bga: 2000
\n14. Valsts valodas likuma piem\u0113ro\u0161ana. R\u012bga: KIF \u201eBiznesa komplekss\u201d. R\u012bga, 2001.
\n15. Zeile, P\u0113teris. Latgales kult\u016bras v\u0113sture. Programma \u2013 konspekts. R\u0113zekne: Latgales kult\u016bras centra izdevniec\u012bba, 1996.
\n16. Zeile, P\u012bters. Eiropas pad\u016bmes harta un latgal\u012b\u0161u vol\u016bda\/\/T\u0101vu zemes kalendars. R\u0113zekne: \u201eLatgolas kulturcentra izdevn\u012bceiba\u201d, 2000. 270.-276. lpp.<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n

Latgalian and New Norwegian \u2013 a Sociolinguistic Comparison<\/strong><\/h4>\n
Both the Latvian and Norwegian languages have two written languages each. The subject of this article is the less used of the two, i.e.Latgalian and New Norwegian (Nynorsk). The history, goegraphy, spheres of usage and legal status of the two languages is compared. The differences show to be quite big: while New Norwegian has more or less the same status as Bokm\u00e5l, the Latgalian has a lower status compared to Latvian Literary Language. Political, economical and social circumstances are suggested to be some of the reasons why these differences appear. The author suggests a broader research on the attitude towards Latgalian standard language amongst all Latvians.<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n

Latgalie\u0161u rakstu valodas un jaunnorv\u0113\u0123u valodas lieto\u0161anas sf\u0113ru sastat\u012bjums<\/h4>\n

<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

Sf\u0113ra:<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

Jaunnorv\u0113\u0123u valoda:<\/strong><\/td>\nLatgalie\u0161u rakstu valoda:<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Dai\u013cliterat\u016bra<\/td>\n\n

+<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

+<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

Zin\u0101tnisk\u0101 literat\u016bra<\/td>\n\n

+<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

(+)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

Skolas<\/td>\n\n

+<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

(+)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

Prese<\/td>\n\n

+<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

(+)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

Radio<\/td>\n\n

+<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

(+)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

Telev\u012bzija<\/td>\n\n

+<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

(+)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

Te\u0101tri<\/td>\n\n

+<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

(+)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

Re\u0123ion\u0101las valsts un pa\u0161vald\u012bbas iest\u0101des<\/td>\n\n

+<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00f7<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

Parlaments<\/td>\n\n

+<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00f7<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

Vald\u012bba un ministrijas<\/td>\n+<\/td>\n\n

\u00f7<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

+ lieto
\n(+) lieto stipri ierobe\u017eoti
\n\u00f7 nelieto<\/p>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

12 gadus v\u0113l\u0101k…<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kop\u0161 2003. gada ir \u0161is tas, kas ir main\u012bjies attiec\u012bb\u0101 uz latgalie\u0161u rakstu valodas statusu. Pateicoties internetam, public\u0113\u0161ana ir viegl\u0101k nek\u0101 jebkad agr\u0101k un neprasa lielas invest\u012bcijas. Latgalie\u0161u rakstu valoda tiek lietota emu\u0101ros, diskusij\u0101s un Vikip\u0113dija ir ar\u012b latgalie\u0161u rakstu valod\u0101<\/a>. Viens cilv\u0113ks, kas toreiz bija akt\u012bvs un kas v\u0113l joproj\u0101m ir akt\u012bvs ir Ilze Sperga, iesaku\u00a0Ilze Spergas rakstu<\/a>\u00a0Satori.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0160is raksts tapa 2003. gad\u0101, balstoties uz refer\u0101tu konferenc\u0113, kuru r\u012bkoja Daugavpils universit\u0101te. Agr\u0101k teksts\u00a0ir public\u0113ts rakstru kr\u0101jum\u0101 “Valoda 2003 \u2013 Valoda da\u017e\u0101du kult\u016bru kontekst\u0101”. Daugavpils, DU Saule 2003, 56.\u201362.lpp Latvie\u0161u un norv\u0113\u0123u valodai ir kop\u012bgs tas, ka ab\u0101m valod\u0101m ir pa div\u0101m rakstu valod\u0101m \u2013 latvie\u0161u liter\u0101r\u0101 valoda un latgalie\u0161u rakstu jeb liter\u0101r\u0101 valoda un b\u016bkm\u014dls un jaunnorv\u0113\u0123u valoda…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":393,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[14,10,12],"tags":[42,49,50,65],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/snorreks.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/392"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/snorreks.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/snorreks.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/snorreks.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/snorreks.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=392"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"http:\/\/snorreks.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/392\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":626,"href":"http:\/\/snorreks.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/392\/revisions\/626"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/snorreks.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/393"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/snorreks.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=392"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/snorreks.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=392"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/snorreks.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=392"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}